| Target | Indicator | Result |
|---|---|---|
SDG 6
CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
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| 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations | 6.2.1 Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) a hand-washing facility with soap and water | approximately 80% of the population in the dormitory use safely managed sanitation services and have access to a designated hand-washing facility with soap and water. |
| 6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally | 6.3.1 Proportion of wastewater safely treated | approximately 80% of the greywater in the dormitory was collected in a storage tank for treatment. |
| 6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality | Approximately 75% of the bodies of water around the dormitory have good ambient water quality, meeting the necessary standards for ecological and human use. | |
| 6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity | 6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time | Water-use efficiency improved over time, with water reuse efficiency rising to 90 liters per day, indicating a significant reduction in water consumption through recycling and better resource management practices. |
| 6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources | The project has the potential to produce high-quality water and contribute additional fresh water to the water resource. | |
| 6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes | 6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time | My project can support urban development, address climate change impacts, and promote conservation efforts by enhancing water-related ecosystems and ensuring sustainable water management practices. |
Membrane bioreactor for treating greywater was operated at Srinakharinwirot dormitory, which has treatment capacity of 9.0 ± 3.3 m3/d with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h and the average organic loading rate of 1.13 – 1.54 kg-COD/d. The treatment efficiency in terms of BOD, COD, SS, NH4-N, Total coliform and E. coli were higher than 95%. The permeate effluent concentrations of BOD, COD, SS and NH4-N were 0.7 ± 0.5, 5.0 ± 6.5, 0.6 ± 0.8, 0.3 ± 0.7 mg/L, respectively. In case of Total coliform, the permeate effluent concentration was 346 ± 314 CFU/100 mL while E. coli showed nondetectable. In case of surfactants removal, the results found that treatment efficiency of anionic surfactants in terms of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) were 97 and 89 % with permeate effluent concentration as 0.02 and 1.29 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, MBR can be completely treated Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC) as one of cationic surfactant. In case of biocides removal, treatment efficiencies of Triclocarban (TCC) and Triclosan (TCS) were 75 and 78% with permeate concentration as 0.02 and 0.01 µg/L, respectively.
The treated wastewater for municipal and agricultural reuse was evaluated. As for municipal sector, toilet flushing was tested for 2 restrooms. The average reuse water volume was 90.2 L/d. When compared to water reuse guideline in terms of direct contact which has been established by Environmental Research and Training Center, the results showed that treated wastewater qualities were greater than that water reuse guideline. As for municipal sector, hydroponic in terms of Butter head was tested by comparing growth rate between tap water (control) and treated greywater (test). The experimental results revealed that there was insignificant of Butter head growth rate at confidential level 95 %. Furthermore, the nitrate accumulation of Butter head after harvesting for tap water and treated wastewater were 581 and 1,356 mg/kg, respectively which was in the criteria of
As for assessing health risk of Hazard Quotient (HQ) caused by surfactants, it was showed that treated greywater was in the acceptable level (HQ <1). In addition, health risk assessment of pathogens which was tested by Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) revealed no risk caused by E. coli.
Water reuse perception was studied within Srinakharinwirot University by 420 questionnaires in total. The questionnaire results showed that 71% of answerers knew water reuse meaning but slightly knew the management process up to 68 %. The important points of water reuse characteristic needs were certified standard approval, free from pathogen and pollutants contamination. Furthermore, direct contact of treated water was significant safety factor for water reuse perception.
